Vices and Virtues of Externalism

Abstract

The article is a reply to the critical considerations of my colleagues about my article "The birth of the philosophy of science from the spirit of the Victorian era" in the same issue of the journal. The main criticism is that my externalist explanation doesn't work, since the Victorian era is not so favorable in general and, in particular, in relation to science and philosophy of science. In addition, I have been criticized for the allegedly improper exaggeration of Whewell’s philosophical merits and the role of his initiatives in comparison with other European scientists and their scientific societies. Also the critics put forward counter-arguments in terms of specific historical facts. These and other critical comments include noteworthy considerations along with dubious theoretical findings and historical inaccuracies, which I point out. In any case, the criticism has helped clarify my position, complement it with empirical evidence and point to the normative goal of my case study.