ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕ ГЕССЕНА И ВОПРОС НИДЭМА, ИЛИ КАК МАРКСИЗМ ПОМОГ ЗАДАТЬ ВАЖНЫЙ ВОПРОС И ПОМЕШАЛ ОТВЕТИТЬ НА НЕГО
Ключевые слова:
ВОПРОС НИДЭМА, СОВРЕМЕННАЯ НАУКА, РЕЛИГИЯ И НАУКА, НАУЧНАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ, МАРКСИЗМ
Аннотация
Попытка Бориса Гессена марксистски объяснить рождение современной науки помогла Джозефу Нидэму прийти к его Великому вопросу. Чтобы сделать этот эвристический вопрос вполне историческим, он расширен в культурном пространстве и времени: Что мешало античным и средневековым ученым сделать следующий, после Архимеда, шаг, а ученым Востока включиться в развитие науки после Галилея и вплоть до 20-го века? Чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, указано ключевое отличие современной физики от до-Галилеевой: право изобретать “нелогичные” фундаментальные понятия, проверяемые опытом. Обсуждается гносеологический контекст вопроса Нидэма и “библейского” ответа на него.
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Литература
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2. Boner, P.J. Kepler's Cosmological Synthesis: Astrology, Mechanism and the Soul. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2013. 190 pp.
3. Cohen, H. F. The Scientific Revolution: a historiographical inquiry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. 662 pp.
4. Cohen, H. F. How Modern Science Came into the World: Four Civilizations, One 17th-Century Breakthrough. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010. 784 pp.
5. Cohen, I. B. (ed.). Puritanism and the Rise of Modern Science: The Merton Thesis. New Brunswick, N.J./London: Rutgers University Press, 1990. 402 pp.
6. Cohen, R.S. "Reflections on science and imagination", in: Bar-Am, N., Gattei, S. (eds.). Encouraging Openness: Essays for Joseph Agassi on the Occasion of His 90th Birthday. New York: Springer, 2017, pp. 215-220.
7. Cohen, R.S. "Preface", in: Zilsel, E. The Social Origins of Modern Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, pp. IX-X.
8. Copernicus, N. On the revolutions (1543). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978, 263 pp.
9. Ducheyne, S. "Towards a fruitful formulation of Needham’s Grand Question", Philosophica, 2008, vol. 82, pp. 9-26.
10. Dun, L. "A New Survey of the Needham Question," Studies in the History of the Natural Sciences, 2000, vol. 19, pp. 293-305.
11. Einstein, A. "Science and God. A German Dialog", Forum and Century, 1930, vol. 83, p. 370-384.
12. Einstein, A."Johannes Kepler", Frankfurter Zeitung, 9 Nov. 1930.
13. Einstein, A." "On the method of theoretical physics", in: Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions. New York: Crown Publishers, 1960, 384 pp.
14. Einstein, A. "Science and Religion". in: Albert Einstein, Out of My Later Years. New York: Philosophical Library, 1950, 288 pp.
15. Einstein, A. "Why Socialism?", in: Albert Einstein, Out of My Later Years. New York: Philosophical Library, 1950, p.130-131.
16. Einstein, A. "Autobiographical Notes", in: Schilpp, P.A. (ed.). Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. Evanston, Ill.: Library of Living Philosophers, 1949, pp. 1-95.
17. Einstein, A. "The Wisdom of Dialectical Materialism", in: The Ultimate Quotable Einstein. Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 467.
18. Einstein, A. "Foreword", in: Galileo Galilei. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems -Ptolemaic and Copernican". Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953, pp. xxiii-xxx.
19. Einstein, A. Letters to Solovine: 1906-1955. New York: Carol Publishing Group. 1993. 184 pp.
20. Engels, F. "Lyudvig Feyerbakh i konets nemetskoy klassicheskoy filosofii" , in: Marx, K., Engels, F. Sochineniya , vol. 21. Moscow: Politizdat 1961, pp. 269-317.
21. Galilei, Galileo. De Motu Antiquiora.
22. Galilei, G. "Letters to Castelli and to the Grand Duchess Christina (1613-1615)", in: Maurice, A. Finocchiaro, The Trial of Galileo: Essential Documents. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2014, pp. 56-69.
23. Gorelik, G. Andrey Sakharov: Nauka i Svoboda . Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya, 2010, 480 pp.
24. Gorelik, G. "A Galilean Answer to the Needham Question", Philosophia Scientiæ, 2017, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 93-110.
25. Heisenberg, W. Der Teil und das Ganze -Gespräche im Umkreis der Atomphysik, München, 1987. 288 pp.
26. Hoodbhoy, P. Islam and science: religious orthodoxy and the battle for rationality. London: Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books,1991. 176 pp.
27. Kolakowski, L. Main Currents of Marxism, its origin, growth, and dissolution. Vol.3. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978, 523 pp.
28. Larson, E. J.; Witham, L. "Scientists are still keeping the faith", Nature, 3 April 1997, no. 386, p. 435.
29. Lemaitre, G. "The Primeval atom Hypothesis and the Problem of Clusters of Galaxies", in: Stoops, R. La structure et l'évolution de l'univers; rapports et discussions publiées sous les auspices du Comité scientifique de l'Institut. Bruxelles: Coudenberg, 1958, pp. 1-32.
30. Liuxiang, H.; Xiaoye, C. "The Needham Question and beyond -modern science in the context of Chinese culture and society", XXIII International Congress of History of Science and Technology, 28 July -2 August 2009, Budapest, Hungary.
31. Maxwell, J.C. "Letter to Lewis Campbell, 7th March 1852". In: Campbell, L. Garnett, W. The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan, 1884, pp. 96, 160.
32. Needham, J. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959, 926 pp.
33. Needham, J. The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969. 368 pp.
34. Needham, J. "New foreword", in: N. I. Bukharin et al. (eds.). Science at the Cross Roads. Papers from the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology 1931. 2nd ed. London: Franc Cass & Co., 1971, pp. VII-X.
35. Needham, J. "Foreword", in: Zielsel, E. The Social Origins of Modern Science. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, pp. xi-xiv.
36. Needham, J. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 7, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 285 pp.
37. O'Brien, P.K. "The Needham Question Updated: A Historiographical Survey and Elaboration", History of Technology, 2009, vol. 29, pp.7-28.
38. Planck, M. "Religion and Natural Science", in: Max Planck. Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers. London: Williams & Norgate Ltd., 1950, 196 p.
39. Raj, K. "Rescuing Science from Civilization: On Joseph Needham’s Asiatic Mode of (Knowledge) Production", in: Arun Bala and Prasenjit Duara, eds. The Bright Dark Ages. Comparative and Connective Perspectives. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2016, pp. 255-280.
40. Rector, J.M.; Rector, K. N. "What is the Challenge for LDS Scholars and Artists?", Dialogue -A Journal of Mormon Thought, 2003, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 34-46.
41. Shenhav, A.; Rand, D. G.; Greene, J.D. "Divine Intuition: Cognitive Style Influences Belief in God", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012, vol. 141, no.3, pp. 423-428.
42. Sivin, N. "Why the Scientific Revolution Did Not Take Place in China -or Didn't It?", Chinese Science, 1982, vol. 5, pp. 45-66. Revised version 2005.
Опубликован
2018-12-18
Как цитировать
Горелик Г. Е. ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕ ГЕССЕНА И ВОПРОС НИДЭМА, ИЛИ КАК МАРКСИЗМ ПОМОГ ЗАДАТЬ ВАЖНЫЙ ВОПРОС И ПОМЕШАЛ ОТВЕТИТЬ НА НЕГО // Эпистемология и философия науки. 2018. Т. 55. № 3. С. 153-171.
Раздел
Case studies - Science Studies
