Новая концепция разума?
Ключевые слова:
Маркузе, разум, наука, технология, абстракция
Аннотация
В «Одномерном человеке» Герберт Маркузе вслед за Гуссерлем заявил, что современное естествознание переводит (translates) концепции и практики из Lebenswelt, повседневного жизненного мира. Маркузе высказал предположение, что социалистическая революция изменит этот жизненный мир и трансформирует естествознание. Он предвосхитил новую концепцию разума, которая будет включать в себя потенциальные возможности / внутренние возможности (potentialities), переживаемые в жизненном мире. Телеологические аспекты повседневного опыта, согласно этой концепции, будут «овеществлены» наукой. Схожую концепцию перевода Маркузе использовал в своей критике социальных наук. Представление о том, что изменения в жизненном мире позволят социальным наукам включить в себя потенциальные возможности, более правдоподобно, чем все спекуляции о будущем естествознания. Однако предположение Маркузе о том, что данные изменения произойдут после социалистической революции, было опровергнуто фактическим развитием социальных движений, бросивших вызов социально интегрированным технонаукам. Взаимодействие науки и общества в борьбе за пригодный для жизни мир – теперь реальное явление, а не далекая революционная перспектива.
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Литература
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Bachelard, 2002 – Bachelard, G. The Formation of the Scientific Mind: A Contribution to a Psychoanalysis of Objective Knowledge. Trans. Mary McAllester Jones. Manchester: Clinamon Press, 2002.
Bas de Boer, 2019 – Bas de Boer “Gaston Bachelard’s Philosophy of Science: Between Project and Practice”, Parrhesia, 2019, vol. 31, pp. 154–173.
Benjamin, 1969 – Benjamin, W. Illuminations. Trans. H. Zohn. New York: Shocken, 1969.
Benjamin, 2010 – Benjamin, W. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2010.
Bijker, 1995 – Bijker, W.E. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.
Butler, Laclau, Žižek, 2000 – Butler, J., Laclau, E., Žižek, S. Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left. London, New York: Verso, 2000.
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Latour, 1987 – Latour, B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard, 1987.
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Marcuse, 2001 – Marcuse, H. “Cultural Revolution,” in: Marcuse, H.; D. Kellner (ed.). Towards a Critical Theory of Society: Collected Papers of Herbert Marcuse. London; New York: Routledge, 2001.
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Plato, 1952 – Plato. Gorgias, trans. W.C. Helmbold. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952.
Plato, 1960 – Plato. The Republic of Plato, trans. F.M. Cornford. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1960.
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Stengers, Drumm, 2013 – Stengers, I., Drumm, T. Une autre science est possible! Paris: La Découverte, 2013.
Zuboff, 2019 – Zuboff, S. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier. New York: Public Affairs, 2019.
Angus, 2021 – Angus, I. Groundwork of Phenomenological Marxism: Crisis, Body, World. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2021.
Bachelard, 2002 – Bachelard, G. The Formation of the Scientific Mind: A Contribution to a Psychoanalysis of Objective Knowledge. Trans. Mary McAllester Jones. Manchester: Clinamon Press, 2002.
Bas de Boer, 2019 – Bas de Boer “Gaston Bachelard’s Philosophy of Science: Between Project and Practice”, Parrhesia, 2019, vol. 31, pp. 154–173.
Benjamin, 1969 – Benjamin, W. Illuminations. Trans. H. Zohn. New York: Shocken, 1969.
Benjamin, 2010 – Benjamin, W. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2010.
Bijker, 1995 – Bijker, W.E. Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.
Butler, Laclau, Žižek, 2000 – Butler, J., Laclau, E., Žižek, S. Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left. London, New York: Verso, 2000.
Daston, 2008 – Daston, L. “Toward a History of Reason,” in: Beretta, M. et al. (eds). Aurora Torealis. Sagamore Beach: Science History Publications, 2008, pp. 165–180.
Edwards, 2013 – Edwards, P.N. A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warming. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013.
Epstein, 1996 – Epstein, S. Impure Science. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Feenberg, 1991 – Feenberg, A. Critical Theory of Technology. New York: Oxford, 1991.
Feenberg, 1992 – Feenberg, A. “On Being a Human Subject: Interest and Obligation in the Experimental Treatment of Incurable Disease”, The Philosophical Forum, 1992, vol. XXIII, no. 3, pp. 213–230.
Feenberg, 1995 – Feenberg, A. Alternative Modernity: The Technical Turn in Philosophy and Social Theory. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995.
Feenberg, 2002 – Feenberg, A. Transforming Technology. New York: Oxford, 2002.
Feenberg, 2005 – Feenberg, A. Heidegger & Marcuse: The Catastrophe and Redemption of History. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Feenberg, 2017 – Feenberg, A. Technosystem: The Social Life of Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017.
Feenberg, 2019 – Feenberg, A. “The Internet as Network, World, co-Construction, and Mode of Governance”, The Information Society, 2019, vol. 35:4, pp. 229–243.
Feenberg, 2020 – Feenberg, A. “Technoscience and the Dereification of Nature,” Filosofia Unisinos, 2020, vol. 21 (1), pp. 5–13.
Habermas, 1970 – Habermas, J. “Technology and Science as Ideology,” in: Habermas, J.; J.J. Shapiro (trans.) Toward a Rational Society; Student Protest, Science, and Politics. Boston: Beacon Press, 1970.
Hegel, 1961 – Hegel, G.W.F. The Science of Logic, trans. W.H. Johnson and L.G. Struthers. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1961, vol. 2.
Kuhn, 1962 – Kuhn, T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.
Latour, 1987 – Latour, B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard, 1987.
Levi-Strauss, 1968 – Levi-Strauss, C. Structural Anthropology, trans. C. Jacobsen and B.G. Schoepf. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
Marcuse, 1964 – Marcuse, H. One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964.
Marcuse, 1972 – Marcuse, H. “Nature and Revolution,” in: H. Marcuse. Counter-Revolution and Revolt. Boston: Beacon, 1972.
Marcuse, 2001 – Marcuse, H. “Cultural Revolution,” in: Marcuse, H.; D. Kellner (ed.). Towards a Critical Theory of Society: Collected Papers of Herbert Marcuse. London; New York: Routledge, 2001.
Marcuse, 2005 – Marcuse, H. “Ecology and Revolution,” in: Kellner, D. (ed.) Herbert Marcuse: The New Left and the 1960s. London and New York: Routledge, 2005.
Marcuse, 2017 – Marcuse, H. “Ecology and the Critique of Modern Society”, in: H. Marcuse: Philosophy, Psychoanalysis and Emancipation. Oxford: Routledge, 2017.
Marx, 1963 – Marx, K. “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts,” in: K. Marx. Early Writings, ed. and trans. T. Bottomore. London: C.A. Watts, 1963.
Marx, K. “‘Introduction’ to the ‘Grundrisse’,” in: Carver, T. (ed.) Texts on Method. London: Basil Blackwell, 1975.
Nordmann, Radder and Schiemann, 2011 – Nordmann, A., Radder, H. and Schiemann, G. (eds). Science Transformed? Debating Claims of an Epochal Break. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011.
Pinch, Bijker, 1987 – Pinch, T., Bijker, W. “The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts”, in: Bijker, W., Hughes, T., Pinch, T. (eds) The Social Construction of Technological Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1987.
Plato, 1952 – Plato. Gorgias, trans. W.C. Helmbold. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952.
Plato, 1960 – Plato. The Republic of Plato, trans. F.M. Cornford. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1960.
Sedgwick, 1966 – Sedgwick, P. “Natural Science and Human Theory: A Critique of Herbert Marcuse,” in: R. Milliband and J. Saville (eds). The Socialist Register 1966: A Survey of Movements and Ideas. Merlin Press, 1966, pp. 163–192. [https://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5972/2868, accessed on 20.02.2022]
Simondon, 1958 – Simondon, G. Du Mode d’Existence des Objets Techniques. Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1958.
Stengers, Drumm, 2013 – Stengers, I., Drumm, T. Une autre science est possible! Paris: La Découverte, 2013.
Zuboff, 2019 – Zuboff, S. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier. New York: Public Affairs, 2019.
Опубликован
2023-05-03
Как цитировать
Финберг Э. Новая концепция разума? // Эпистемология и философия науки. 2023. Т. 59. № 4. С. 189-220.
Раздел
New Trends
