Познаваемо ли Куновское "изменение мира через революции"?
Ключевые слова:
Thomas Kuhn, world change, scientific revolutions, world view change non-presentist historiography, hypotheses becoming facts
Аннотация
Разговор Куна об «изменении мира посредством революций» в основном был встречен с недоумением. Что же на самом деле Кун хотел выразить таким странным образом? В начале статьи я анализирую, что конкретно говорит Кун по этой теме. Далее я покажу, что разговоры об изменении мира, по крайней мере, непротиворечивы и имеют некоторое правдоподобие. Затем я рассмотрю вопрос о том, следует ли заменить «изменение мира посредством революций» на «изменение взгляда на мир». Это покажет, что «изменение мира посредством революций» мотивировано строгой непрезентистской историографической позицией. Тем не менее, предполагаемое послание Куна также может быть выражено в гораздо менее провокативной, с философской точки зрения, манере.
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Литература
Bertone, Gianfranco, and Dan Hooper (2018): "History of dark matter". Reviews of Modern Physics 90 (4):045002.
Bird, Alexander (2012): "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and its Significance: An Essay Review of the Fiftieth Anniversary Edition". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 63 (4):859-883.
Bohr, N. (1934): Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nachdruck: The Philosophical Writings of Niels Bohr, Vol. I, Woodbridge: Ox Bow Press, 1987.
Fahrbach, Ludwig (2009): "The Pessimistic Meta-Induction and the Exponential Growth of Science". In Reduction - Abstraction - Analysis. Proceedings of the 31th International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium in Kirchberg, 2008, edited by A. Hieke and H. Leitgeb. Heusenstamm: ontos, pp. 95-111.
Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2003): Theory and reality: An introduction to the philosophy of science, Science and its conceptual foundations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hawking, Stephen, and Roger Penrose (1996): The Nature of Space and Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hawking, Stephen W., and Leonard Mlodinow (2010): The Grand Design. London: Bantam.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1989): "Idealist Elements in Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science". History of Philosophy Quarterly 6:393-401.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1990): "Kuhn's Conception of Incommensurability". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 21:481-492.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1993): Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2001): "Thomas Kuhn und die Wissenschaftsgeschichte". Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 24:1-12.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2005): "Three biographies: Kuhn, Feyerabend, and incommensurability". In Rhetoric and Incommensurability, edited by R. Harris. West Lafayette: Parlor Press, pp. 150-175.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2018): "Are There Good Arguments Against Scientific Realism?". In Philosophy of Science: Between the Natural Sciences, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities, edited by A. Christian, D. Hommen, N. Retzlaff and G. Schurz. Cham: Springer, pp. 3-22.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2021): "The Genealogy of Kuhn’s Metaphysics". In Interpreting Kuhn, edited by K. B. Wray. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-26.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2022 in press): "The Plausibility of Kuhn's Metaphysics". In Perspectives on Kuhn, edited by P. Melogno, H. Miguel and L. Giri: Springer.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul, and Eric Oberheim (2009): "Reference, ontological replacement and Neo-Kantianism: a reply to Sankey". Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 40 (2):203-209.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul, Eric Oberheim, and Hanne Andersen (1996): "On Incommensurability". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 27 (1):131-141.
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (1787): David Hume über den Glauben oder Idealsmus und Realismus. Ein Gespräch. Breslau: Gottl. Loewe.
Joyce, Richard (2021): "Moral Anti-Realism". In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta. URL =
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1970 [1962]): The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1979): "Metaphor in Science". In Metaphor and Thought, edited by A. Ortony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 409-419.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1984, unpublished-a): "Lecture I -- Science as Historical: A Prelude". In Scientific Development and Lexical Change: The Thalheimer Lectures. The Johns Hopkins University, 12 to 19 November 1984.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1984, unpublished-b): "Lecture IV -- Conveying the Past to the Present". In Scientific Development and Lexical Change: The Thalheimer Lectures. The Johns Hopkins University, 12 to 19 November 1984.
Laudan, Larry (1984 [1981]): "A Confutation of Convergent Realism". In Scientific Realism, edited by J. Leplin. Berkeley: University of California Press (originally published in Philosophy of Science 48(1): 19-49 (1981)), pp. 218-249.
Lyons, Timothy D. (2002): "Scientific Realism and the Pessimistic Meta-Modus Tollens". In Recent Themes in the Philosophy of Science: Scientific Realism and Commonsense, edited by S. P. Clarke and T. D. Lyons. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 63-90.
Lyons, Timothy D. (2015): "Scientific Realism". In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science, edited by P. Humphreys: Oxford University Press.
Mastermann, Margaret (1970): "The Nature of a Paradigm". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 59-89.
Mayr, Ernst (1997): This is Biology: The Science of the Living World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Melogno, Pablo, Hernán Miguel, and Leandro Giri, eds. (2017): Thomas S. Kuhn: Desarrollo científico y cambio de léxico. Conferencias Thalheimer. Montevideo: FIC-Udelar/ANII/SADAF.
Merritt, David (2020): A Philosophical Approach to MOND: Assessing the Milgromian Research Pdrpgram in Cosmology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983a): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis". The Astrophysical Journal 270:365-370.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983b): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics: Implications for galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 270:371-383.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983c): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics: Implications for galaxy systems". The Astrophysical Journal 270:384-389.
Mladenovic, Bojana, ed. (2022, in press): Thomas S. Kuhn: The Plurality of Worlds and Other Writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Oberheim, Eric, and Paul Hoyningen-Huene (1997): "Incommensurability, Realism and Meta-Incommensurability". Theoria 12:447-465.
Oberheim, Eric, and Paul Hoyningen-Huene (2018): "The Incommensurability of Scientific Theories". In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta. URL =
Peebles, P.J.E. (2020): Cosmology's Century: An Inside History of Our Modern Understanding of the Universe. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Popper, Karl R. (1970): "Normal Science and its Dangers". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 51-58.
Randall, Lisa (2018): "What is dark matter?". Nature 557 (10 May 2018):S6-S7.
Sankey, Howard (1994): The Incommensurability Thesis. Aldershot: Avebury.
Scheffler, Israel (1967): Science and Subjectivity. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Vickers, Peter (2013): "A Confrontation of Convergent Realism". Philosophy of Science 80 (2):189-211.
Watkins, John W. (1970): "Against 'Normal Science'". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 25-37.
Worrall, John (1996 [1989]): "Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds?". In The Philosophy of Science, edited by D. Papineau. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 139-165 (originally in Dialectica 43: 99-124 (1989)).
Bird, Alexander (2012): "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and its Significance: An Essay Review of the Fiftieth Anniversary Edition". British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 63 (4):859-883.
Bohr, N. (1934): Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nachdruck: The Philosophical Writings of Niels Bohr, Vol. I, Woodbridge: Ox Bow Press, 1987.
Fahrbach, Ludwig (2009): "The Pessimistic Meta-Induction and the Exponential Growth of Science". In Reduction - Abstraction - Analysis. Proceedings of the 31th International Ludwig Wittgenstein-Symposium in Kirchberg, 2008, edited by A. Hieke and H. Leitgeb. Heusenstamm: ontos, pp. 95-111.
Godfrey-Smith, Peter (2003): Theory and reality: An introduction to the philosophy of science, Science and its conceptual foundations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hawking, Stephen, and Roger Penrose (1996): The Nature of Space and Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hawking, Stephen W., and Leonard Mlodinow (2010): The Grand Design. London: Bantam.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1989): "Idealist Elements in Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science". History of Philosophy Quarterly 6:393-401.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1990): "Kuhn's Conception of Incommensurability". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 21:481-492.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (1993): Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2001): "Thomas Kuhn und die Wissenschaftsgeschichte". Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 24:1-12.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2005): "Three biographies: Kuhn, Feyerabend, and incommensurability". In Rhetoric and Incommensurability, edited by R. Harris. West Lafayette: Parlor Press, pp. 150-175.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2018): "Are There Good Arguments Against Scientific Realism?". In Philosophy of Science: Between the Natural Sciences, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities, edited by A. Christian, D. Hommen, N. Retzlaff and G. Schurz. Cham: Springer, pp. 3-22.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2021): "The Genealogy of Kuhn’s Metaphysics". In Interpreting Kuhn, edited by K. B. Wray. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-26.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul (2022 in press): "The Plausibility of Kuhn's Metaphysics". In Perspectives on Kuhn, edited by P. Melogno, H. Miguel and L. Giri: Springer.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul, and Eric Oberheim (2009): "Reference, ontological replacement and Neo-Kantianism: a reply to Sankey". Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 40 (2):203-209.
Hoyningen-Huene, Paul, Eric Oberheim, and Hanne Andersen (1996): "On Incommensurability". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 27 (1):131-141.
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (1787): David Hume über den Glauben oder Idealsmus und Realismus. Ein Gespräch. Breslau: Gottl. Loewe.
Joyce, Richard (2021): "Moral Anti-Realism". In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta. URL =
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1970 [1962]): The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1979): "Metaphor in Science". In Metaphor and Thought, edited by A. Ortony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 409-419.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1984, unpublished-a): "Lecture I -- Science as Historical: A Prelude". In Scientific Development and Lexical Change: The Thalheimer Lectures. The Johns Hopkins University, 12 to 19 November 1984.
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1984, unpublished-b): "Lecture IV -- Conveying the Past to the Present". In Scientific Development and Lexical Change: The Thalheimer Lectures. The Johns Hopkins University, 12 to 19 November 1984.
Laudan, Larry (1984 [1981]): "A Confutation of Convergent Realism". In Scientific Realism, edited by J. Leplin. Berkeley: University of California Press (originally published in Philosophy of Science 48(1): 19-49 (1981)), pp. 218-249.
Lyons, Timothy D. (2002): "Scientific Realism and the Pessimistic Meta-Modus Tollens". In Recent Themes in the Philosophy of Science: Scientific Realism and Commonsense, edited by S. P. Clarke and T. D. Lyons. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 63-90.
Lyons, Timothy D. (2015): "Scientific Realism". In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Science, edited by P. Humphreys: Oxford University Press.
Mastermann, Margaret (1970): "The Nature of a Paradigm". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 59-89.
Mayr, Ernst (1997): This is Biology: The Science of the Living World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Melogno, Pablo, Hernán Miguel, and Leandro Giri, eds. (2017): Thomas S. Kuhn: Desarrollo científico y cambio de léxico. Conferencias Thalheimer. Montevideo: FIC-Udelar/ANII/SADAF.
Merritt, David (2020): A Philosophical Approach to MOND: Assessing the Milgromian Research Pdrpgram in Cosmology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983a): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis". The Astrophysical Journal 270:365-370.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983b): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics: Implications for galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal 270:371-383.
Milgrom, Mordehai (1983c): "A modification of the Newtonian dynamics: Implications for galaxy systems". The Astrophysical Journal 270:384-389.
Mladenovic, Bojana, ed. (2022, in press): Thomas S. Kuhn: The Plurality of Worlds and Other Writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Oberheim, Eric, and Paul Hoyningen-Huene (1997): "Incommensurability, Realism and Meta-Incommensurability". Theoria 12:447-465.
Oberheim, Eric, and Paul Hoyningen-Huene (2018): "The Incommensurability of Scientific Theories". In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by E. N. Zalta. URL =
Peebles, P.J.E. (2020): Cosmology's Century: An Inside History of Our Modern Understanding of the Universe. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Popper, Karl R. (1970): "Normal Science and its Dangers". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 51-58.
Randall, Lisa (2018): "What is dark matter?". Nature 557 (10 May 2018):S6-S7.
Sankey, Howard (1994): The Incommensurability Thesis. Aldershot: Avebury.
Scheffler, Israel (1967): Science and Subjectivity. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Vickers, Peter (2013): "A Confrontation of Convergent Realism". Philosophy of Science 80 (2):189-211.
Watkins, John W. (1970): "Against 'Normal Science'". In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, edited by I. Lakatos and A. Musgrave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 25-37.
Worrall, John (1996 [1989]): "Structural Realism: The Best of Both Worlds?". In The Philosophy of Science, edited by D. Papineau. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 139-165 (originally in Dialectica 43: 99-124 (1989)).
Опубликован
2023-05-03
Как цитировать
Хойнинген-Хюне П. Познаваемо ли Куновское "изменение мира через революции"? // Эпистемология и философия науки. 2023. Т. 59. № 4. С. 55-72.
Раздел
Epistemology and Cognition
